No. 18 – Bite Size Ramadan 1444 AH -2023
Day 18 The Reward for What You Intended
Translated & Compiled
By
Abbas Abu Yahya
From Ma’an bin Yazeed who said: ‘My father Yazeed took out some money to give as charity, he left it with a man in the Masjid. I came and took the money, and I came to Yazeed and he said:
‘I swear by Allaah I did not intend to give it to you.’
So I debated him about this to the Messenger of Allaah –ﷺ– and he said:
“لَكَ ما نويتَ يا يَزيدُ! ولك ما أخذت يا مَعْنُ! “.
‘You get the reward for what you intended O Yazeed! And for you O Ma’an, is what you took!’
[Collected by Bukhari]
An Explanation
Shaykh Muhammad bin Salih al-Uthaymeen -Rahimahullaah- (d.1421 A.H.) said:
‘This Hadeeth is about the story of Ma’an bin Yazeed and his father -RadhiAllaahu anhu- that his father Yazeed gave Zakat of Dirhams to a man in the Masjid, so that he could give charity with it to the poor. Yazeed’s son Ma’an came and took it from the man, it could be that person who was designated to give out the charity did not know that this was the son of Yazeed, and it is also possible that the man gave it to Ma’an thinking that he was from those who are deserving of charity. The news reached his father Yazeed and he said to Ma’an: ‘You are not the one whom I intend.’ Meaning: I did not intend to give you charity with these Dirhams. So he went to the Messenger of Allaah –sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam, and the Prophet –sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam– said:
لَكَ يَا يَزِيدُ مَا نَوَيْتَ، وَلَكَ يَا مَعْنُ مَا أَخَذْتَ.
‘You get the reward for what you intended O Yazeed! And for you O Ma’an, is what you took!’
This indicates that actions are by intentions and when a person intends good then goodness occurs. Even though Yazeed did not intend for his son to take these Dirhams, however, he took them. His son was from those who were deserving so the charity came to him and this is why the Prophet –sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam– said:
لَكَ يَا مَعْنُ مَا أَخَذْتَ
‘And for you O Ma’an, is what you took!’
Therefore, in this Hadeeth there is an evidence for the reason why the author mentioned this Hadeeth, that actions are by intentions and that a person’s reward will be written for what he intended, even if what occurred was opposite to what he had intended. This principle has many subpoints:
From that: What the scholars -Rahimamullaah- have mentioned that if a person gives his Zakat to someone whom he thinks is from those deserving of Zakat, but then it turned out that he was actually a rich person and not from those deserving of Zakat. So his Zakat is correct and is accepted and freed him from his responsibility, this is because he intended to give it to the one who was deserved it, so if he intended it then he will have what he intended.
From that: If a person wanted to donate the like of a small house for charity purposes, he said I donate for charity my small house, but he accidently indicated to the large one, however, it was in opposite to what he had intended with his heart, then he is upon what he intended, and not upon what he slipped up on his tongue.
From that: If a person ignorantly does not know the difference between Umrah and Hajj, and performed Hajj with the people, and said, ‘Labbayk Hajj’ but he had intended to perform the Umrah for the Hajj at-Tamatu, then he is upon what he had intended, as long as his aim was Umrah, however he said, ‘Labbayk Hajj’ along with the people, so he is upon what he intended, and the slip of his tongue does not harm him at all.
From that: If a person said to his wife, ‘I divorce you’ and he intended you are divorced from any restrictions and not from marriage, then he is upon what he intended, and his wife is not divorced from him.
This Hadeeth has many benefits, and subpoints spread in issues of Fiqh.
From the benefits of this Hadeeth: that it is permissible for a man to give charity to his son. The proof for this is that the Prophet –sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam– commanded with giving charity, and encouraged it. Zainab – the wife of Abdullaah bin Mas’ood -RadhiAllaahu unha- wanted to give some charity from her wealth, and her husband said to her, me and your son have more of a right to receive your charity – because he was poor- so she said: ‘No, not until I ask the Prophet –sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam.’
So, she asked the Prophet –sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam– and he said: ‘Ibn Mas’ood has spoken the truth, your husband and son have more of a right that your charity goes to them.’
From the benefits of the Hadeeth: that it is permissible for a person to give his son Zakat, with the condition that it is not so that a person does not negate fulfilling an obligation. For example, a person has Zakat, and he intended to give it to his son, so that his son does not demand spending money for his needs, then here the person will not be rewarded, because he intended to give the Zakat in place of the obligation of spending on his son’s needs.’
However, if he gave Zakat to him to pay off a debt which his son had, like for example his son was in an accident and his father gives him from the Zakat enough to pay off his fines, then there is nothing wrong with this, and he will be rewarded for the Zakat, this is because his son is the closest of people to him, and now he does not intend to not fulfill an obligation upon him, but he intended to free his son from a burden, not from not spending upon him. If this is the aim and intention, then the Zakat is permissible for the son.
And success is with Allaah.’
[Sharh Riyadh as-Saliheen 1/7]
Arabic
[صحيح] وعن مَعن بن يزيد رضي الله عنهما قال:
كان أبي يزيدُ أخرجَ دنانير يَتَصَّدقُ بها، فوضَعها عندَ رجلٍ في المسجد، فجئتُ فأخذتُها فأتيتُه بها، فقال: واللهِ ما إيَّاك أردتُ، فخاصمتُه إِلى رسولِ اللهِ – صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – فقال:
“لَكَ ما نويتَ يا يَزيدُ! ولك ما أخذت يا مَعْنُ! “.
رواه البخاري.
سماحة الشيخ محمد بن صالح العثيمين
شرح حديث معن بن يزيد السلمي: « لك ما نويت.. »
عن أبي يزيد معن بن يزيد بن الأخنس رضي الله عنهم وهو وأبوه وجَدُّه صَحَابيُّون، قال: كان أبي – يزيد – أخرج دنانير يتصدق بها، فوضعها عند رجل في المسجد، فجئت فأخذتها، فأتيته بها، فقال: والله ما إياك أردتُّ؛ فخاصمته إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال: «لَكَ مَا نَوَيْتَ يَا يَزِيدُ، وَلَكَ مَا أَخَذْتَ يَا مَعْنُ». رواه البخاري.
قال العلامة ابن عثيمين رحمه الله:
هذا الحديث الذي ذكره المؤلف رحمه الله في قصة معن بن يزيد وأبيه رضي الله عنهما أنَّ أباه يزيد أخرج دراهم عند رجل في المسجد؛ ليتصدق بها على الفقراء، فجاء ابنه معن فأخذها؛ وربما يكون ذلك الرجل الذي وُكِّلَ فيها لَمْ يعلم أنه ابن يزيد؛ ويُحْتَمَل أنه أعطاه لأنه من المستحقِّين؛ فبلغ ذلك أباه يزيد، فقال له: «ما إياك أردت»؛ أي: ما أردت أن أتصدَّق بهذه الدراهم عليك؛ فذهب إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لَكَ يَا يَزِيدُ مَا نَوَيْتَ، وَلَكَ يَا مَعْنُ مَا أَخَذْتَ».
فقوله عليه الصلاة والسلام: «لَكَ يَا يَزِيدُ مَا نَوَيْتَ»؛ يدل على أنَّ الأعمال بالنِّيَّات، وأنَّ الإنسان إذا نوى الخَيْرَ حَصَلَ له، وإنْ كان يزيدُ لَمْ يَنْوِ أن يأخذ هذه الدراهمَ ابنُهُ، لكنه أخذها؛ وابنه من المستحقِّين؛ فصارت له؛ ولهذا قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لَكَ يَا مَعْنُ مَا أَخَذْتَ».
ففي هذا الحديث دليل لِمَا ساقه المؤلِّفُ مِن أجله: أنَّ الأعمال بالنيات، وأنَّ الإنسان يُكْتَب له أجرُ ما نوى؛ وإنْ وقع الأمر على خلاف ما نوى، وهذه القاعدة لها فروع كثيرة:
منها: ما ذكره العلماء رحمهم الله أنَّ الرجل لو أعطى زكاته شخصًا يظن أنه مِن أهل الزكاة، فتبيَّن أنه غنيٌّ، وليس من أهل الزكاة؛ فإنَّ زكاته تجزئ، وتكون مقبولة، تبرأ به ذِمَّتُه؛ لأنه نوى أن يعطيها مَن هو أهلٌ لها، فإذا نوى فله نيَّتُه.
ومنها: أنَّ الإنسان لو أراد أن يوقف مثلًا بيتًا صغيرًا؛ فقال: وقفت بيتي الفلاني، وأشار إلى الكبير، لكنه خلاف ما نواه بقلبه؛ فإنه على ما نوى، وليس على ما سبق به لسانه.
ومنها: لو أنَّ إنسانًا جاهلًا لا يَعْرِف الْفَرْقَ بين العمرة والحج، فحَجَّ مع الناس، فقال: لبَّيْك حَجًّا، وهو يريد عمرة يتمتع بها إلى الحج؛ فإنه له ما نوى، مادام أن قصده يريد العمرة، لكن قال: لبيك حجًّا مع هؤلاء الناس، فله ما نوى، ولا يَضُرُّ سَبْقُ لسانه بشيء.
ومنها أيضًا: لو قال الإنسان لزوجته: أنت طالق؛ ويريد أنت طالق من قيد لا من نكاح، فله ما نوى، ولا تُطَلَّق بذلك زوجته.
فهذا الحديث له فوائد كثيرة، وفروع منتشرة في أبواب الفقه.
ومن فوائد هذا الحديث: أنه يجوز للإنسان أن يَتَصَدَّق على ابنه؛ والدليل على هذا: أنَّ النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أَمَرَ بالصدقة، وحَثَّ عليها، فأرادت زينب – زوجة عبدالله بن مسعود رضي الله عنها أنْ تتصدَّق بشيء مِن مالها، فقال لها زوجها: أنا وولدك أحقُّ مَن تَصَدَّقْتِ عليه – لأنه كان فقيرًا رضي الله عنه – فقالت: لا حتى أسال النبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فسألت النبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقال: «صَدَقَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ؛ زَوْجُكِ وَوَلَدُكِ أَحَقُّ مَنْ تَصَدَّقْتِ بِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ».
ومن فوائد الحديث: أنه يجوز أن يعطي الإنسانُ ولدَه من الزكاة؛ بشرط ألا يكون في ذلك إسقاط لواجب عليه.
يعني مثلًا: لو كان الإنسان عنده زكاة، وأراد أن يعطيها ابنه، من أجل ألا يطالبه بالنفقة؛ فهذا لا يجزئ؛ لأنه أراد بإعطائه أن يُسْقِط واجبَ نفقته.
أمَّا لو أعطاه ليقضي دَيْنًا كان عليه؛ مثل أن يكون على الابن حادث، ويعطيه أبوه من الزكاة ما يُسَدِّدُ به هذه الغرامة؛ فإنَّ ذلك لا بأس به، وتجزئه مِن الزكاة؛ لأن ولدَه أقربُ الناس إليه؛ وهو الآن لم يقصد بهذا إسقاط واجب عليه، إنما قصد بذلك إبراء ذِمَّة ولده؛ لا الإنفاق عليه، فإذا كان هذا قصدَه فإنَّ الزكاة تَحِلُّ له، والله الموفق.
شرح رياض الصالحين
المؤلف : محمد بن صالح بن محمد العثيمين (المتوفى : 1421هـ)
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